GRAPH

GRAPH
        /HISTOGRAM [(NORMAL)]= VAR
        /SCATTERPLOT [(BIVARIATE)] = VAR1 WITH VAR2 [BY VAR3]
        /BAR = {SUMMARY-FUNCTION(VAR1) | COUNT-FUNCTION} BY VAR2 [BY VAR3]
        [ /MISSING={LISTWISE, VARIABLE} [{EXCLUDE, INCLUDE}] ]
       [{NOREPORT,REPORT}]

GRAPH produces a graphical plots of data. Only one of the subcommands HISTOGRAM, BAR or SCATTERPLOT can be specified, i.e. only one plot can be produced per call of GRAPH. The MISSING is optional.

Scatterplot

The subcommand SCATTERPLOT produces an xy plot of the data. GRAPH uses VAR3, if specified, to determine the colours and/or markers for the plot. The following is an example for producing a scatterplot.

GRAPH
        /SCATTERPLOT = height WITH weight BY gender.

This example produces a scatterplot where height is plotted versus weight. Depending on the value of gender, the colour of the datapoint is different. With this plot it is possible to analyze gender differences for height versus weight relation.

Histogram

The subcommand HISTOGRAM produces a histogram. Only one variable is allowed for the histogram plot. The keyword NORMAL may be specified in parentheses, to indicate that the ideal normal curve should be superimposed over the histogram. For an alternative method to produce histograms, see EXAMINE. The following example produces a histogram plot for the variable weight.

GRAPH
        /HISTOGRAM = weight.

Bar Chart

The subcommand BAR produces a bar chart. This subcommand requires that a COUNT-FUNCTION be specified (with no arguments) or a SUMMARY-FUNCTION with a variable VAR1 in parentheses. Following the summary or count function, the keyword BY should be specified and then a catagorical variable, VAR2. The values of VAR2 determine the labels of the bars to be plotted. A second categorical variable VAR3 may be specified, in which case a clustered (grouped) bar chart is produced.

Valid count functions are:

• COUNT
  The weighted counts of the cases in each category.
• PCT
  The weighted counts of the cases in each category expressed as a percentage of the total weights of the cases.
• CUFREQ
  The cumulative weighted counts of the cases in each category.
• CUPCT
  The cumulative weighted counts of the cases in each category expressed as a percentage of the total weights of the cases.

The summary function is applied to VAR1 across all cases in each category. The recognised summary functions are:

• SUM
  The sum.
• MEAN
  The arithmetic mean.
• MAXIMUM
  The maximum value.
• MINIMUM
  The minimum value.

The following examples assume a dataset which is the results of a survey. Each respondent has indicated annual income, their sex and city of residence. One could create a bar chart showing how the mean income varies between of residents of different cities, thus:

GRAPH  /BAR  = MEAN(INCOME) BY CITY.

This can be extended to also indicate how income in each city differs between the sexes.

GRAPH  /BAR  = MEAN(INCOME) BY CITY BY SEX.

One might also want to see how many respondents there are from each city. This can be achieved as follows:

GRAPH  /BAR  = COUNT BY CITY.

The FREQUENCIES and CROSSTABS commands can also produce bar charts.