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16.4.2.1 Elementwise Functions

These functions act on each element of their argument independently, like the elementwise operators (see Elementwise Binary Operators).

Matrix Function: ABS (M) ¶

Takes the absolute value of each element of M.

ABS({-1, 2; -3, 0}) ⇒ {1, 2; 3, 0}

Matrix Function: ARSIN (M) ¶

Matrix Function: ARTAN (M) ¶

Computes the inverse sine or tangent, respectively, of each element in M. The results are in radians, between -\pi/2 and +\pi/2, inclusive.

The value of \pi can be computed as 4*ARTAN(1).

ARSIN({-1, 0, 1}) ⇒ {-1.57, 0, 1.57} (approximately)

ARTAN({-5, -1, 1, 5}) ⇒ {-1.37, -.79, .79, 1.37} (approximately)

Matrix Function: COS (M) ¶

Matrix Function: SIN (M) ¶

Computes the cosine or sine, respectively, of each element in M, which must be in radians.

COS({0.785, 1.57; 3.14, 1.57 + 3.14}) ⇒ {.71, 0; -1, 0} (approximately)

Matrix Function: EXP (M) ¶

Computes e^x for each element x in M.

EXP({2, 3; 4, 5}) ⇒ {7.39, 20.09; 54.6, 148.4} (approximately)

Matrix Function: LG10 (M) ¶

Matrix Function: LN (M) ¶

Takes the logarithm with base 10 or base e, respectively, of each element in M.

LG10({1, 10, 100, 1000}) ⇒ {0, 1, 2, 3}
LG10(0) ⇒ (error)

LN({EXP(1), 1, 2, 3, 4}) ⇒ {1, 0, .69, 1.1, 1.39} (approximately)
LN(0) ⇒ (error)

Matrix Function: MOD (M, s) ¶

Takes each element in M modulo nonzero scalar value s, that is, the remainder of division by s. The sign of the result is the same as the sign of the dividend.

MOD({5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0}, 3) ⇒ {2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0}
MOD({5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0}, -3) ⇒ {2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0}
MOD({-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}, 3) ⇒ {-2, -1, 0, -2, -1, 0}
MOD({-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}, -3) ⇒ {-2, -1, 0, -2, -1, 0}
MOD({5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0}, 1.5) ⇒ {.5, 1.0, .0, .5, 1.0, .0}
MOD({5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0}, 0) ⇒ (error)

Matrix Function: RND (M) ¶

Matrix Function: TRUNC (M) ¶

Rounds each element of M to an integer. RND rounds to the nearest integer, with halves rounded to even integers, and TRUNC rounds toward zero.

RND({-1.6, -1.5, -1.4}) ⇒ {-2, -2, -1}
RND({-.6, -.5, -.4}) ⇒ {-1, 0, 0}
RND({.4, .5, .6} ⇒ {0, 0, 1}
RND({1.4, 1.5, 1.6}) ⇒ {1, 2, 2}

TRUNC({-1.6, -1.5, -1.4}) ⇒ {-1, -1, -1}
TRUNC({-.6, -.5, -.4}) ⇒ {0, 0, 0}
TRUNC({.4, .5, .6} ⇒ {0, 0, 0}
TRUNC({1.4, 1.5, 1.6}) ⇒ {1, 1, 1}

Matrix Function: SQRT (M) ¶

Takes the square root of each element of M, which must not be negative.

SQRT({0, 1, 2, 4, 9, 81}) ⇒ {0, 1, 1.41, 2, 3, 9} (approximately)
SQRT(-1) ⇒ (error)