15.7.5.4 Categories Without Values

Some categories might not be included in the data set being analyzed. For example, our example data set has no cases in the “15 or younger” age group. By default, or with EMPTY=INCLUDE, PSPP includes these empty categories in output tables. To exclude them, specify EMPTY=EXCLUDE.

For implicit categories, empty categories potentially include all the values with value labels for a given variable; for explicit categories, they include all the values listed individually and all values with value labels that are covered by ranges or MISSING or OTHERNM.

The following example syntax and output show the effect of EMPTY=EXCLUDE for the qns1 variable, in which 0 is labeled “None” but no cases exist with that value:

CTABLES /TABLE=qns1.
CTABLES /TABLE=qns1 /CATEGORIES VARIABLES=qns1 EMPTY=EXCLUDE.