15.7.5.3 Totals and Subtotals

CATEGORIES also controls display of totals and subtotals. By default, or with TOTAL=NO, totals are not displayed. Use TOTAL=YES to display a total. By default, the total is labeled “Total”; use LABEL="label" to override it.

Subtotals are also not displayed by default. To add one or more subtotals, use an explicit category list and insert SUBTOTAL or HSUBTOTAL in the position or positions where the subtotal should appear. The subtotal becomes an extra row or column or layer. HSUBTOTAL additionally hides the categories that make up the subtotal. Either way, the default label is “Subtotal”, use SUBTOTAL="label" or HSUBTOTAL="label" to specify a custom label.

The following example syntax and output show how to use TOTAL=YES and SUBTOTAL:

CTABLES
    /TABLE freqOfDriving
    /CATEGORIES VARIABLES=freqOfDriving [OTHERNM, SUBTOTAL='Valid Total',
                                         MISSING, SUBTOTAL='Missing Total']
                                        TOTAL=YES LABEL='Overall Total'.

By default, or with POSITION=AFTER, totals are displayed in the output after the last category and subtotals apply to categories that precede them. With POSITION=BEFORE, totals come before the first category and subtotals apply to categories that follow them.

Only categorical variables may have totals and subtotals. Scalar variables may be “totaled” indirectly by enabling totals and subtotals on a categorical variable within which the scalar variable is summarized. For example, the following syntax produces a mean, count, and valid count across all data by adding a total on the categorical region variable, as shown:

CTABLES /TABLE=region > monthDaysMin1drink [MEAN, VALIDN]
    /CATEGORIES VARIABLES=region TOTAL=YES LABEL='All regions'.

By default, PSPP uses the same summary functions for totals and subtotals as other categories. To summarize totals and subtotals differently, specify the summary functions for totals and subtotals after the ordinary summary functions inside a nested set of [] following TOTALS. For example, the following syntax displays COUNT for individual categories and totals and VALIDN for totals, as shown:

CTABLES
    /TABLE isLicensedDriver [COUNT, TOTALS[COUNT, VALIDN]]
    /CATEGORIES VARIABLES=isLicensedDriver TOTAL=YES MISSING=INCLUDE.